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DOI
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Reg. No. : MAHA-703/16(NAG)
Year of Establishment – 2016
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH
Corresponding Author: Dr. Arvind Kumar Gupta
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ISI Impact Factor (2025-26): 1.345
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Article Info: Article Received on : 05/08/2026 Article Reviewed on: 12/09/2026 Article Published on : 15/10/2026
Cite this article as: - Gupta arvind K, Sen Gupta A, Kumar R. A Literary Review Of Dandaka Jwara W.S.R To Dengue Fever.
International Journal of Diagnostics And Research. 2026Oct17;4(1):84–92. doi:10.5281/zenodo.23435015
Abstract
The bite of an in infected Aedes mosquito (Aedes aegypti or, Aedes albopictus) can transmit the virus that
causes dengue fever to humans. The four serotypes of the dengue virus, which is a member of the Flavi
viridae family, are transmitted by the bite of an infected aedes mosquito. Dengue is widespread in over 100
nations worldwide. There is currently no specific treatment for this illness in modern medicine. According
to Ayurveda, Dandaka Jwara, is associated with dengue fever. For this reason, it is often referred to as
"break bone fever." Since contemporary science has no cure for dengue fever, Ayurveda can be a very
helpful tool in controlling the illness. However, a complete understanding of dengue fever from both a
modern and an ayurvedic perspective is required.
Keywords: Dengue fever, Dengue Haemorrhagic fever, Dandaka jwar.
A Literary Review Of Dandaka Jwara W.S.R To Dengue Fever
Dr. Arvind Kumar Gupta
1
, Dr. Apala Sen Gupta
2
, Dr. Rohit Kumar
3
1
Asst. Proff., Deptt. of Roga Vigyan Avam Vikriti Vigyana; I.P.G.A.E & R AT S.V.S.P,Kol – 9
2
Ex-Proff. & H.O.D, Deptt. of Roga Vigyan Avam Vikriti Vigyana; I.P.G.A.E & R AT S.V.S.P, Kol – 9.
3
Final Year P.G.T, Deptt. of Roga Vigyan Avam Vikriti Vigyana; I.P.G.A.E & R AT S.V.S.P,Kol – 9.
G
A
R
V
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Introduction :
Dengue fever is a disease caused by viruses that are
transmitted to people by mosquitoes. The disease
has also been termed "break bone fever" or "dandy
fever" Dengue is caused by Principal vector Aedes
aegypti mosquito and causative agent Arbo virus
(Flavi vrus). Incubation period is 2 to 7 days and
Usual course of the disease is 7 to 9 days. Dengue
is a viral disease that is similar in symptoms and
etiology to the disease, Chikungunya. In allopathic,
there is no treatment of this disease, treatment is
based on the symptoms.
Dandaka jwar spreads through a specific mosquito.
It is present inside the body for one week and
affecting the bones. It is also known as Saptaha
Jwar, Dandaka Jwar or Asthi Bhanjana Jwar and
in modern view it is known as Dengue fever
[1]
.
Dengue fever is known as Dandaka Jwara :-
Description of dengue as Dandaka Jwara is found
in the parishistha chapter of Madhava Nidana.
Jwara is a condition in which the body condition
goes beyond the normal temperature and is
characterized by disturbance in normal functioning
of the system. Danndaka jwara is acute and
infectious disease in which fever suddenly rise and
the patient feels very weak. It has been described
that a particular species of mosquito is the basic
cause of spread of fever called Dandaka Jwara.
This fever mostly subsides within a week.
However, it is more dangerous for the children and
old people
[2]
.
Purva-rupa of Dandaka Jwara
[3]
:-
Following are the prodromal symptoms of
Dandaka jwara :-
1. Anga marda – Bodyache (Severe breaking
pain in bones and joints) .
2. Klama – Tiredness without exertion.
3. Aruchi – Lose of appetite.
4. Utklesa – Nausea.
5. Avasada – Depression.
Lakshana of Dandaka Jwara
[4]
:-
Following are the symptoms of Dandaka jwara :-
1. Severe pain in joints of bones like beaten
with sticks.
2. Symptoms quickly disappear after
manifestation of disease all over the body.
3. Skin infection spreading all over the dermis.
4. Joint pain with swelling.
5. Cough.
6. Pain in throat.
7. Rhinorrhoea.
8. Relapsing fever.
9. Joint pain persist after fever subside.
10. This disease is generally found in city areas.
11. It occurs due to aggravation of Kapha and
Vata Dosa and it is more severe in child and
geriatric patients.
Lakshana of Vishama Tridosaja Vata-olbana
Sannipatika Jwara
[5]
:-
Following are the symptoms of Sannipataja jwara
which arise due to excessive increase of Vata and
less increase of Pitta and Kapha:-
1. Sandhi soola (Joint pain).
2. Siraha soola (Headache)
3. Pralapa (Delirium)
4. Gourava (Heaviness of body)
5. Bhrama (Vertigo)
6. Trishna (Polydipsia)
7. Kantha-aasya suskatva (Dryness of mouth
and throat).
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Kala-Maryada of Tridosaja Jwara
[6]
:-
A. Sannipataja jwara moksha - badha maryada:-
Jwara with severity relapse on 7
th
, 10
th
and 12
th
day, suffered patient may be cured or died. On 7
th
day, if mala paka occurs patient may survive and
dhatu paka leads to death in Vata olbana jwara; On
10 th day, if mala paka occurs patient may be
survive and dhatu paka lead to death in Pitta
olbana jwara and On 12 th day if mala paka occurs
patient may be survived and dhatu paka leads to
death in Kapha olbana jwara.
B. Bhaluki tantraokta-okta moksha – badha
maryada:-
According to Bhaluki tantra, On 7
th
or, 14
th
day,
Patient may survive or died in Vata - olbana
jwara; On 9
th
or, 18
th
day, the patient may be
survived or died in Pitta – olbana jwara and on 11
th or 22 nd day, Patient may be survived or died in
Kapha – olbana jwara.
Samprapti
[7]
:-
Samprapti
Samprapti Ghataka
[8]
:-
Dosa
Tridosha pradhana
Dushya
Rasa, Lasika, Lasika-granthi
Srotas
Rasa vaha , Anna vaha
Adhisthana
Yakrita and Pliha
Sadhya-
asadhyata
Kriccha-sadhyata
Savaba
Asukari
Sadhya-asadhyata
[9]
:-
Yappya or, Kriccha-sadhya vyadhi.
It is not curable in Paediatrics and
Geriatrics patients.
Asadhya, if upadrava occurs.
Prabhava of Dandaka Jwara
[10]
:-
Lasika-granthi vriddhi (Enlargement of
lymph gland)
Sveta rakta karna hrasha (Leucopenia)
Rakta-stambhaka koshika hrasha
(Thrombocytopenia)
Chikitsa–siddhanta
[11]
:-
On the basis of Dosa-ulbanata treatment
should be done.
Samsodhana chikitsa:- Mridu virechana
dravya aoushadhi are used as Mala
samsodhan-artha.
Laghu and supachya aahara is indicated.
After onset of fever, usnodaka pan indicated
for 2-3 days.
Complete bed rest.
Use mosquito net for protection against
“Vishanu” of Aedes aegypti mosquito.
”
Nidana sevana
Aggravation of Kapha and Vata dosha
Dandaka Jwara
Rasa, Lasika, Yakrit, Pliha and Lasika granthi are affected by
“VISHANU”
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Samsamaniya chikitsa:- The following
formulations may be directed are as written
below:
For fever :-
In initial phase, Kwatha prepared of
Dhamasa, Parapata, Kiratikta, Mustaka
may be given.
In case of Jwara with rakta manifestation
(i.e.; Haemorrhagic condition): Add
Vasaka, Rakta Chandan and along with
Sugar candy (Mishri).
Shamsamani Vati (Guduchi Ghana Vati).
Sudarshana Ghana Vati.
Godanti Bhasma.
Amritottara kwatha
Tulsi swarasa.
For Dehydration:-
Shadanga paneeya.
Dhanyakadi Hima (Dhaniya, Amla, Vasaka,
Draksha, Parpata).
Water of Cardamom and Clove.
Green coconut water.
Any of these liquid preparations may be
given in suitable quantity in 3 to 4 hours.
Aahara (Diet):-
Take light, nutritive, warm and easily
digestible foods.
Always have home made fresh food, plenty
of luke warm liquids, Light and warm diet,
liberally use ginger and turmeric in foods.
Always avoid food prepared under
unhygienic conditions, contaminated and
stale food, cold drinks, beverage etc.
Avoid chilled foods and drinks, strenuous
exertion and stressful conditions.
Have cold milk with sugar candy.
Vihara (Life-style):-
Avoid visiting the disease prevalent areas.
Take proper rest, sleep and maintain
personal and enviormental hygiene.
Proper sanitation measures to be followed.
Amrita (Guduchi), Tulsi (Holi Basil), Sunthi
(Dried ginger), Eranda karkati (Papaya) are
the commonly available medicinal plants
and used to prevent its complications by
potentiating immune system. So, that
disease gets controlled within a period of 4
to 8 days.
Consume Sunthi (Dry ginger) powder 2
gm.twice daily with infusion prepared by
adding Guduchi (Giloye) powder 5 gm.in
100 ml. of boiled water. Dose for children
between 6 to 12 years of age will be half
and for children below 6 years will be One-
fourth. One teaspoon of honey can be added
to the infusion.
One litre of water boiled with 10-15 leaves
of Tulsi (Holi basil) and 10-15 gm. of
Dhaniya (Coriander) Powder for ten
minutes and cooled to room temperature
may be consumed at intervals of 3-4 hours
in a day.
Types of Dengue
[12]
:-
A. Classic Dengue Fever:-
i. Pyrexia
ii. Generalised lymphadenopathy
iii. Intense headache
iv. Severe backache (Break bone fever)
v. Ocular pain
vi. Cough
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vii. Epistaxis
viii. Scattered petechiae
ix. Relative bradycardia
x. Delirium
xi. Agitation
xii. Transient loss of accommodation
xiii. Splenomegaly
B. Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever or, Dengue
Shock Syndrome:-
i. In Mild forms, there is thrombocytopenia
and haemoconcentration.
ii. In the most severe form after 3-4 days of
fever, hypotension and circulatory failure
develop with features of Capillary leak
symdrome.
iii. Minor (Petechiae, ecchymoses, Epistaxis)
or Major (Gastrointestinal bleeding)
haemorrhagic signs may occur.
iv. A platelet count < 100000/mm
3
and
objective evidence of plasma leakage (By
fluctuation of Packed Cell Volume > 20%
or evidence of pleural effusion, hypo-
proteinaemia. This develops into Dengue
Shock Syndrome is characterised by a rapid
and weak pulse with narrow pulse pressure
< 20 mm of Hg or, profound hypotension.
v. Immediate volume replacement therapy is
mandatory.
The Characteristic rash in dengue
[13]
:-
A. Primary or Initial Rash:-
Appears on the third day
Rash is erythematous (Diffuse & Flushing)
and present over face, neck and shoulder.
B. Secondary or True Rash:-
Appears on the sixth day.
Morbiliform or Measly Rash is present over
the dorsum of hands and feet, ultimately the
rash becomes generalised ( mostly over the
trunk) except the face.
The rash may persist from 2 hours to several
days and terminates by desquamation.
Laboratory features
[14]
:-
CBC: Due to increased plasma capillary
leakage in Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever,
haemoconcentration is associated with
increased haemoglobin and haematocrit;
leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and atypical
lymphocytes in peripheral blood are
common. Raised haematocrit,
thrombocytopenia, and atypical
lymphocytes constitute the classical dengue
triad on CBC and require confirmatory
tests.
Elevated transaminases in serum.
Serological tests for antibodies to dengue
virus: IgM antibodies appear about 3-5 days
after onset of symptoms, and IgG antibodies
appear about 14 days into the primary
infection. IgG Tests are positive in
secondary infections. IgM response is weak
and short-lived in secondary infections.
Dengue NS1 antigen detection by ELISA or
Immuno chromatograhic strip test is rapid
but more expensive.
Identification of Viral RNA by reverse
trancriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-
PCR) during the acute phase of infection:
Early diagnosis is possible this test is very
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expensive and requires special molecular
laboratory.
Danger signs:-
Visit your nearest qualified doctor or; health
service centre immediately if you develop any
symptoms of dengue like:-
1. Fever
2. Rash
3. Bodyache
4. Headache
5. Joints pain
6. Pain in eyes
7. Unexplained bleeding
Diagnosis
[15]
:-
1. Direct methods (Before Day 5 of illness) :-
Isolation of virus in cell culture.
Detection of viral RNA by nucleic acid
amplification test.
Detection of viral antigen by ELISA or
rapid immunochromatographic test.
2. Indirect methods (After Day 5 of illness) :-
Serological tests for IgM or IgG antibodies:-
Diagnosis is probable, if IgM is
positive in a single serum sample or;
IgG is positive in a high titre ( >1280
By Hemagglutination inhibition test).
Diagnosis is confirmed if there is IgM
or IgG seroconversion in paired sera
(acute and convalescent samples) or if
there is a fourfold rise in IgG titre in
paired sera.
Clinical Diagnosis
[16]
:-
By Hess’s Capillary Fragility Test:-
It is a test for diagnosis of increased Capillary
Fragility or, Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura
(ITP). This test is also known as the tourniquet test.
Method:-
i. A blood-pressure cuff is wrapped around the
upper arm, and the pressure is raised. The
pressure is maintained in between Systolic
and Diastolic BP for 5 minutes.
ii. 1” below the elbow joint, a circle of 1”
diameter is drawn on the anterior aspect of
upper forearm. Note the haemorrhagic spots
already present within the circle.
iii. Normally, after application of pressure by
BP cuff, up to 10 new haemorrhagic spots
may appear. But in pathological states, apart
from haemorrhagic spots in the skin. Patient
give
History of, spontaneous bleeding from nose
(Epistaxis) and gums, haematuria, malaena or
menorrhagia: more than 20 new spots (Diagnostic)
may appear within the circle.
This test may be negative in mild to moderate
thrombocytopenia, but is positive in severe
thrombocytopenia (ITP).
Management & Prevention
[17]
:-
i. Dengue fever require only symptomatic
therapy.
ii. Patient tend to deteriorate after becoming a
febrile
iii. Severe Pain can be relieved by
paracetamol, and mild sedatives should be
given.
iv. Look out for restlessness, abdominal pain,
and any fall in haematocrit value, which
should be monitored.
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v. Close observation of the patient for any
haemorrhagic conditions; Blood
Transfusion and Management of Shock are
indicated in capillary leak syndrome.
vi. Aspirin should be avoided.
vii. Volume replacement by Oral fluids and
electrolytes should be maintained.
viii. Complete bed rest during the acute stage.
ix. In case of any haemorrhagic condition, the
patient’s hospitalisation is mandatory.
x. Breeding places of Aedes Mosquito should
be abolished and the adults destroyed by
insecticides.
xi. There is as yet no vaccine and in any case a
tetravalent vaccine would be needed to
cover all four-types.
Conclusion:
The description of dengue, referred to as Dandaka
Jwara, is found in the Parishistha chapter of
Madhava Nidana..Dandaka jwara spreads through
a special mosquito; it remains in the body for one
week and affects the bones. Giloy or Amrita is an
anti-inflammatory and Anti-pyretic herb.
Giloy plays an amazing role in strengthening our
natural immune system by increasing the W.B.C.
count and Platelet count in our body. In recent
times, Papaya leaves are very effective and useful
in the management of dengue fever especially in
increasing Platelet count in dengue patients with
low Platelet count and those who develop
hemorrhagic dengue fever. Prevention is better than
cure, so advise patients to use mosquito nets and
repellents; avoid clean water logging; keep patients
inside mosquito nets; wear full-sleeve shirts, pants,
shoes, and socks to keep the body covered; and
keep nets on doors and windows.
Acknowledgement:
I would like to express my deepest gratitude
towards my mentor Dr Apala Sengupta, Ex-
Professor and H.O.D, Department of Roga Nidāna
Avum Vikṛti Vijñāna, at the I.P.G.A.E. & R at
S.V.S.P. Hospital, Kolkata. It was a matter of great
privilege to work and study under her exceptional
guidance, supervision and persistent help for even
the smallest of the nuisance at work. Her
unconditional support at each and every footstep,
her student friendly & easy to grasp methodology
of teaching along with a caring nature towards her
pupils provides a motherly figure imposed in a
generous teacher.
Declaration :
Conflict of Interest : None
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ISSN: 2584-2757
DOI : 10.5281/zenodo.23435015
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